We use adverbs of frequency and time expressions to talk about how often we do something and when we do it.

🔁 1. Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency tell us how often we do an activity.

🧩 Common Adverbs:

💡 “Hardly ever” and “rarely” both mean almost never.
They are more polite and softer than “never.”

⚙️ Word Order — Adverbs of Frequency

🟢 Before the main verb

I always eat breakfast.
She usually studies at night.

🟣 After the verb to be

I am never late.
He is rarely tired.

🕰️ 2. Time Expressions

Time expressions tell us when or how often something happens.

💬 Examples:

• every day / every morning / every weekend
• in the morning / in the evening
• on weekends / on Fridays
• once a week / twice a month / three times a year
• at night / at the weekend

📏 Word Order — Time Expressions

There are two main positions for time expressions:

🅰️ At the end of the sentence (most common)

I go shopping on Saturdays.
We study English every morning.
She exercises twice a week.

🅱️ At the beginning of the sentence (for emphasis)

On weekends, I relax and watch movies.
In the morning, I drink coffee and read the news.

🧠 Combine time expressions with adverbs of frequency for natural sentences:

I usually go jogging in the morning.
We hardly ever eat out on weekdays.

🪄 Tip: Don’t put both “adverb of frequency” and “time expression” together at the beginning.
✅ “I usually study English at night.”
🚫 “Usually I study English at night.” (too informal, except in spoken English)

Let’s Practice!

Practice 1

Speaking

Look at the cards.

Complete the questions using the words from the cards starting with How often…?

Discuss the question with your classmates

🧱 Sentence vs Question

✅ Sentences → start with the subject.
❓ Questions → start with an auxiliary or question word.

💡 Why Word Order Is Important

In English, word order helps show if a sentence is a statement or a question.
Changing the order of the words changes the meaning completely:

You like coffee. → ✅ Statement
Do you like coffee? → ❓ Question

So, when we make questions, we usually move the auxiliary verb (do / does / am / is / are) before the subject.

🧩 Basic Question Structure

🔹 With “do/does”

Question word + do/does + subject + main verb

🧠 Remember:

• Do → for I, you, we, they
• Does → for he, she, it
• The main verb does not take -s after “does”:

❌ Does she works? → ✅ Does she work?

🔹 With “be”

If the verb is be, we don’t use do/does.
We just change the order:

🪄 Tip: With “be”, move am/is/are before the subject to make a question.

🗣️ Common Question Words

🪄 Tip: Question words always come at the beginning of the question.

⚙️ Word Order Summary

✅ Yes / No Questions – Verb Be

Structure: Be + Subject + Complement

Are you tired?
Is she a teacher?

Use this form when you want a yes or no answer.

✅ Question Word + Verb Be

Structure: Question Word + Be + Subject + Complement

Where are you from?
How is your family?
Why is he late?

Use a question word when you want more information (not just yes/no).

✅ Yes / No Questions – Other Verbs

Structure: Do/Does + Subject + Base Verb

Do you like coffee?
Does he play tennis?

Use do/does for most verbs (except be).

✅ Question Word + Other Verbs

Structure: Question Word + Do/Does + Subject + Base Verb

Where do you live?
What does she study?
When do they work?

Use a question word when you want more details.

Let’s Practice!

Quiz

Speaking

Practice 1

Practice 2

Create your own questions using the pictures in the cards

In this lesson, we will review the basic verb tenses you need to talk about the past, present, and future.

By the end of this lesson, you will:
✅ Recognize the most common tenses in English
✅ Use them to talk about your life and experiences
✅ Feel more confident when speaking and writing

1. Present Simple

We use it to talk about:

• habits and routines
• facts and general truths

Form:
👉 Subject + base verb (add -s/-es for he/she/it)

Examples:

• I get up at 7 o’clock.
• She works in a bank.
• The sun rises in the east.

2. Present Continuous

We use it to talk about:

• things happening now
• temporary situations

Form:
👉 Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing

Examples:

• I am studying English now.
• They are watching TV.
• She is living in Toronto at the moment.

3. Past Simple

We use it to talk about:

• finished actions in the past

Form:
👉 Subject + past verb (regular verbs = + -ed, irregular verbs change form)

Examples:

• I watched a movie yesterday.
• She visited her grandma last weekend.
• They went to the park.

4. Past Continuous

We use it to talk about:

• actions that were happening at a specific time in the past

Form:
👉 Subject + was/were + verb + -ing

Examples:

• I was reading a book at 9 pm.
• They were playing football when it started to rain.
• She was cooking dinner.

5. Future with will

We use it to talk about:

• predictions
• decisions at the moment of speaking

Form:
👉 Subject + will + base verb

Examples:

• I will call you tomorrow.
• Don’t worry, you will pass the test!
• She will travel next summer.

6. Future with going to

We use it to talk about:

• plans and intentions
• something we can see is going to happen

Form:
👉 Subject + am/is/are going to + base verb

Examples:

• I’m going to study tonight.
• They are going to buy a new car.
• Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.

7. Present Perfect

We use it to talk about:

• experiences in life (no exact time)
• actions that started in the past and continue now (for/since)
• recent actions with just, already, yet

Form:
👉 Subject + have/has + past participle

🔹 With for and since

• I have lived here for 5 years.
• She has worked in this company since 2018.

🔹 With just (a very recent action)

• I have just finished my homework.

🔹 With already (something happened earlier than expected)

• They have already eaten dinner.

🔹 With yet (in negative sentences and questions)

• I haven’t finished my project yet.
• Have you done your homework yet?

📊 Summary Table

Let’s practice!

Practice 1

Practice 2

Speaking

Practice 1

Practice 2