Modal verbs or modals are special words that give extra meaning to verbs. They go before the main verb.

Examples of modal verbs: can, will, should, must, may, might, have to, used to, etc.

Some past modals are used to express certainty, possibility/ impossibility and advisability, in the past.

Modals of Speculation and deduction

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Past Modals of Speculation & Deduction

Modal of advisability

The past modal of advisability is “should have” and it is used to talk about past actions or events that didn’t happen, but would have been a good idea if they had.

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Past Modal of Advisability

Grammar Practice

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Speaking practice

1. Open a box
2. What could have happened? (speculating)
3. If possible give some advice

Example: