When you ask for opinions about future probability, you usually use will + base form or be going to + base form. However, there are other alternatives that are also common in spoken English.
In the table below, you can find a collection of useful phrases and expressions that will help you convey future probabilities with confidence. The table includes various patterns and grammar structures, including modal verbs like “will” and “might,” as well as phrases such as “there’s a good chance” and “I’m sure of it.”
Phrases
Grammar Pattern
Explanation
Examples
will/be going to
will/going to + base form
Expresses future events or actions without indicating certainty
“I will go to the party tomorrow.” “What do you think they‘re going to do about it?
Definitely
will definitely + base form
Indicates a high level of certainty or confidence in a future event
“She will definitely win the race. She’s the fastest runner.”
I’m sure
be sure of something be sure + subject + will + base form
Indicates strong confidence or certainty in a future outcome
“I’m sure it will rain today. The sky is cloudy.”
I’m bound to
be bound to + base form
Suggests a high likelihood or inevitability of a future event
“If you keep practicing, you’re bound to improve your skills.”
There’s a good chance
There’s a good chance + subject + will + base form
Indicates a favorable probability or possibility of something
“There’s a good chance she will get the job. She has relevant experience.”
Fairly likely to
be fairly likely to + base form
Expresses a moderate probability or likelihood of a future event
“He is fairly likely to pass the exam. He studied hard.”
Might
might + base form
Suggests a possibility or a lower level of certainty in the future
“I might go to the concert if I can get tickets.”
There’s a chance something will/won’t happen
Phrase
Indicates the existence of a possibility or an unlikelihood
“There’s a chance it will rain tomorrow. Bring an umbrella.”
Unlikely
be unlikely that + somebody/ something + will + base form
Expresses a low probability or unlikelihood of a future event
“It‘s unlikely that he will arrive on time. He’s always late.”
There’s only a small chance that something will happen
Phrase
Indicates a very low probability or likelihood of something
“There’s only a small chance they will cancel the event. It’s well-organized.”
Doubt somebody will do something
doubt + subject + will + base form
Expresses skepticism or lack of belief in a future event
“I doubt they will win the competition. Their performance wasn’t strong enough.”
Doubt something will happen
doubt it will + base form
Indicates skepticism or lack of belief in a future outcome
“I doubt it will snow tomorrow. The weather forecast says it’ll be sunny.”
To be not the first person but definitely not the last
be not the first person + base form, but definitely not the last
Implies a level of certainty or confidence, although not the highest
“I’m not the first person to say it, but definitely not the last – he’s talented.”
Bound to
be bound to + base form
Suggests a high probability or inevitability of a future event
“With her skills, she is bound to succeed in her career.”
Hope so
Phrase
Expresses desire or optimism about a future outcome
“I hope so! I really want to win the competition.”
Think so
Phrase
Expresses a belief or opinion that something will happen
“I think so. Based on the evidence, he is likely to be promoted.”
Not think so
Phrase
Expresses a belief or opinion that something will not happen
“I don’t think so. It’s unlikely they will change their decision.”
Grammar practice
Speaking practice
Imagine what life will be like in ten years’ time.
Spin the wheel and discuss each statement on the spinning wheel
Express how likely you think each will be.
Negotiate where to place the statement next to the thermometer of probability, with high temperature meaning It’ll definitely … and cold temperatures meaning It definitely won’t … .
Try to use a range of phrases during their negotiations.
“Have/get something done” is a useful English construction that we use when we want to talk about arranging for someone else to do something for us. It’s a way to emphasize that we didn’t do the action ourselves, but rather someone else did it for us.
Usage
Structure
Examples
Explanation
Services you pay someone else to do for you
get/have + object + past participle
I getmy carwashed every week. She hadher hair cut at a fancy salon. They are getting their housepainted next month.
Emphasizes that you pay someone to perform a service for you.
Formal situations, arranging for something to be done
have + object + past participle
We hadour websiteredesigned by a professional agency. He had his presentationtranslated into three languages. We hadour legal documents notarized by a certified notary.
Indicates that you arranged for a service to be done by someone else in a formal context.
Things that happen to you, often negative experiences
have + object + past participle
She hadher pursestolen while she was shopping. We hadour flightdelayed for several hours due to bad weather. He had his carbroken into last night.
Describes events or actions that occur to you, usually negative experiences, without your organization or control.
Negative form
did not have/get + object + past participle
I didn’t havemy computerrepaired. They didn’t gettheir housecleaned before the guests arrived. She didn’t have her dress altered in time for the event.
Expresses the negative form of arranging or paying for a service to be done.
Question form Simple past
Did + subject + have/get + object + past participle?
Did you getyour passportrenewed? Did he have his carwashed? Did they havetheir house repainted?
Forms a question to inquire about arranging or paying for a service to be done.
Grammar practice
Speaking Practice
Get into pairs or small groups.
Take turns being the speaker and the listener.
Open a box and look at the picture carefully
Start speaking about the picture using have/get something done.
Flip the card to see the answer (there are several correct answers, this is just one alternative)
The present perfect tense is a verb form used to connect past actions or events to the present. It indicates that something started in the past and has a relevance or connection to the present moment. In other words, it emphasizes the relationship between past actions and their impact on the current situation.
Grammar pattern
Form: Subject + have/has + past participle (3rd form)
Use
Example
Expressing Experiences
“I have visited Paris several times.”
Unfinished Actions
“They have studied English for three years.”
Actions with Relevance
“She has lost her keys.”
Recent Past
“He has just arrived home.”
Adverbs used with Present Perfect
There are some adverbs that we can use with present perfect to make emphasis or add additional details.
Adverb
Meaning
Example
Already
Before the present time or earlier than expected
“I have already finished my homework.”
Even
Emphasizing a surprising or unexpected situation
“I’ve been very busy. I haven’t even had time to have lunch.”
Ever
At any time in the past or in one’s life
“Have you ever traveled abroad?”
Just
Referring to a very recent past or a short time ago
“He’s just come back from Brazil.”
Lately
In the recent past or during a recent period
“I haven’t seen him lately.”
Never
Not at any time in the past or in one’s life
“I have never been to Australia.”
Only
Indicating exclusivity or emphasizing limitations
“I’ve only done the first year of my course.”
Recently
In the near past or not long ago
“She has recently started a new job.”
So far
Describing the extent of an action up to the present time
“They have visited three countries so far.”
Still
Indicating that a situation or action is continuing or ongoing
“I still haven’t found what I’m looking for
Yet
Expressing an action or event expected to happen but hasn’t occurred until now
There are different ways of talking about the future in English. While one structure may be preferred for certain meanings, in many cases more than one structure can be used with little or no change of meaning.
Future Form
Grammar Pattern
Meaning
Explanation
Examples
Present be going to
subject + be + going to + base verb
Planned or intended actions in the future
Used when something is already decided or planned
I am going to visit my grandparents next weekend.
Will
subject + will + base verb
Spontaneous decisions, predictions, promises, or offers
Used for decisions made at the moment or predictions/promises
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is used to report what someone else said.
It’s different from direct speech, which is when we repeat the exact words that someone else said.
In reported speech, we need to change the tense and pronouns to match the new speaker and the time of reporting. Here’s a table that summarizes the changes:
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
Example
Present Simple
Past Simple
“I like pizza,” said John.
John said that he liked pizza.
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
“I am playing soccer,” said Emily.
Emily said that she was playing soccer.
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
“I have visited France,” said Kate.
Kate said that she had visited France.
Present Perfect Cont.
Past Perfect Continuous
“I have been studying Spanish,” said Tom.
Tom said that he had been studying Spanish.
Past Simple
Past Perfect
“I went to the store,” said Sarah.
Sarah said that she had gone to the store.
Past Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
“I was watching TV,” said Mike.
Mike said that he had been watching TV.
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
“I had finished my homework,” said Jane.
Jane said that she had finished her homework.
Past Perfect Cont.
Past Perfect Continuous
“I had been studying for hours,” said Alex.
Alex said that he had been studying for hours.
Future Simple
Conditional (would) + Infinitive
“I will come to the party,” said Peter.
Peter said that he would come to the party.
Future Continuous
Conditional Continuous (would + be + Ving
“I will be working late,” said Mark.
Mark said that he would be working late.
Future Perfect
Conditional Perfect (would + have + PP)
“I will have finished by then,” said Anna.
Anna said that she would have finished by then.
Future Perfect Cont.
Conditional Perfect Cont. (would + have + been + Ving)
“I will have been studying for 4 hours,” said Sam.
Here/There
Changed according to the new location
“I live here,” said Lisa.
Lisa said that she lived there.
Personal Pronouns
Changed according to the new speaker
“I love this song,” said Tim.
Tim said that he loved that song.
Grammar Practice
Speaking Practice
Open the box
Look at the picture
Answer the following questions using reported speech
The past perfect simple is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past.
Grammar Pattern
Meaning
Examples
Subject + had + past participle (3rd form)
Expresses an action completed before another action or time in the past.
I had already eaten when he arrived. She had studied English before she moved to London. They had finished their work before the deadline.
In order to master this verb tense it is crucial that you know by heart the past participle of the most used irregular verbs. Below you can see a list of the basic irregular verbs that intermediate/ high-intermediate learners MUST know already.
Base form
Simple past (2nd form)
Past participle (3rd form)
be
was/were
been
begin
began
begun
break
broke
broken
bring
brought
brought
build
built
built
buy
bought
bought
choose
chose
chosen
come
came
come
do
did
done
draw
drew
drawn
drink
drank
drunk
drive
drove
driven
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
feel
felt
felt
find
found
found
fly
flew
flown
forget
forgot
forgotten
get
got
gotten
give
gave
given
go
went
gone
have
had
had
hear
heard
heard
hit
hit
hit
hold
held
held
keep
kept
kept
know
knew
known
leave
left
left
lose
lost
lost
make
made
made
meet
met
met
pay
paid
paid
put
put
put
read
read
read
run
ran
run
say
said
said
see
saw
seen
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
sing
sang
sung
sit
sat
sat
sleep
slept
slept
speak
spoke
spoken
spend
spent
spent
stand
stood
stood
swim
swam
swum
take
took
taken
teach
taught
taught
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
understand
understood
understood
wake
woke
woken
wear
wore
worn
win
won
won
write
wrote
written
Grammar practice
Speaking practice
Choose a box
Open the box
Each team member will complete the sentence using their own ideas
“Feel like” is a phrase that has several meanings, but generally it refers to the desire or inclination to do something.
For example, if you say “I feel like eating pizza,” it means that you have a desire or craving to eat pizza at the moment. Similarly, if someone says “I don’t feel like going to the party tonight,” it means that they don’t have the desire or inclination to attend the party.
“Feel like” can also be used to express an opinion or impression about something. For instance, if you say “I feel like the movie was really good,” it means that you have the impression that the movie was enjoyable or well-made.
If you are still confused, you can find an easy explanation in your first language 🇪🇸 🇵🇹 🇨🇳 🇷🇺 🇺🇦 🇹🇷 🇯🇵 👇
🇪🇸 Spanish
“Feel like” es un verbo compuesto que tiene varios significados en inglés, pero en general se refiere al deseo o inclinación de hacer algo.
Por ejemplo, si decimos “I feel like eating pizza” (Tengo ganas de comer pizza), significa que tenemos un deseo o antojo de comer pizza en ese momento. De manera similar, si alguien dice “I don’t feel like going to the party tonight” (No tengo ganas de ir a la fiesta esta noche), significa que no tienen el deseo o la inclinación de asistir a la fiesta.
“Feel like” también se puede usar para expresar una opinión o impresión sobre algo. Por ejemplo, si decimos “I feel like the movie was really good” (Siento que la película fue realmente buena), significa que tenemos la impresión de que la película fue entretenida o bien hecha.
En resumen, “feel like” es un verbo compuesto versátil que se usa comúnmente en inglés para expresar una variedad de sentimientos, deseos, opiniones o impresiones.
🇵🇹 Portuguese
“Feel like” é um verbo composto em inglês que tem vários significados, mas geralmente se refere ao desejo ou inclinação de fazer algo.
Por exemplo, se alguém diz “I feel like eating pizza” (Eu estou com vontade de comer pizza), significa que essa pessoa tem o desejo ou vontade de comer pizza no momento. Da mesma forma, se alguém diz “I don’t feel like going to the party tonight” (Eu não estou com vontade de ir à festa hoje à noite), significa que essa pessoa não tem o desejo ou inclinação de comparecer à festa.
“Feel like” também pode ser usado para expressar uma opinião ou impressão sobre algo. Por exemplo, se alguém diz “I feel like the movie was really good” (Eu acho que o filme foi muito bom), significa que essa pessoa tem a impressão de que o filme foi agradável ou bem feito.
Em resumo, “feel like” é um verbo composto versátil que é comumente usado em inglês para expressar uma variedade de sentimentos, desejos, opiniões ou impressões.
🇨🇳 Chinese
“Feel like” 是英语中常用的一个复合动词，它通常表示某种行动的愿望或倾向。
例如，”I feel like eating pizza” (我想吃披萨) 表示此时此刻你想吃披萨的愿望或倾向。同样地，如果有人说 “I don’t feel like going to the party tonight” (我不想去今晚的派对)，那么就表示他或她此时此刻没有参加派对的愿望或倾向。
“Feel like” 还可以用来表示对某事物的看法或印象。例如，”I feel like the movie was really good” (我觉得那部电影真的很好) 表示你对那部电影的印象很好。
“Feel like” – это составной глагол в английском языке, который имеет несколько значений, но в общем он относится к желанию или склонности к совершению какого-либо действия.
Например, если вы говорите “I feel like eating pizza” (Я хочу есть пиццу), это означает, что у вас есть желание или пристрастие к еде пиццы в данный момент. Точно так же, если кто-то говорит “I don’t feel like going to the party tonight” (Мне не хочется идти на вечеринку сегодня вечером), это означает, что у них нет желания или склонности присутствовать на вечеринке.
“Feel like” также может использоваться для выражения мнения или впечатления о чем-то. Например, если вы говорите “I feel like the movie was really good” (Я имею в виду, что фильм был действительно хорош), это означает, что у вас есть впечатление, что фильм был интересным или хорошо сделанным.
В целом, “feel like” – это универсальный составной глагол, который часто используется в английском языке для выражения различных чувств, желаний, мнений или впечатлений.
🇺🇦 Ukrainian
“Feel like” – це складений дієслово в англійській мові, яке має кілька значень, але взагалі відноситься до бажання або схильності до здійснення якоїсь дії.
Наприклад, якщо ви кажете “I feel like eating pizza” (Я хочу їсти піцу), це означає, що у вас є бажання або схильність до їди піци в даний момент. Точно так само, якщо хтось каже “I don’t feel like going to the party tonight” (Мені не хочеться йти на вечірку сьогодні ввечері), це означає, що у нього немає бажання або схильності бути присутнім на вечірці.
“Feel like” також може використовуватися для вираження думки або враження про щось. Наприклад, якщо ви кажете “I feel like the movie was really good” (Я думаю, що фільм був дуже хороший), це означає, що у вас є враження, що фільм був цікавим або добре зробленим.
У загальному, “feel like” – це універсальне складене дієслово, яке часто використовується в англійській мові для вираження різних почуттів, бажань, думок або вражень.
🇹🇷 Turkish
“Feel like”, İngilizce’de çoğunlukla bir şey yapma isteği veya eğilimini ifade eden bir bileşik fiildir.
Örneğin, “I feel like eating pizza” ifadesi (Pizza yemek istiyorum) anlamına gelir ve kişinin o anda pizza yeme arzusu veya isteği olduğunu ifade eder. Benzer şekilde, “I don’t feel like going to the party tonight” ifadesi (Bu gece partiye gitmek istemiyorum) kişinin partiye gitmek istememe eğiliminde veya isteğinde olmadığını ifade eder.
“Feel like” ayrıca bir şey hakkında bir fikir veya izlenim ifade etmek için de kullanılabilir. Örneğin, “I feel like the movie was really good” ifadesi (Filmin gerçekten iyi olduğunu hissediyorum) kişinin filmin keyifli veya iyi yapılmış olduğu izlenimine sahip olduğunu ifade eder.
Genel olarak, “feel like” çok yönlü bir bileşik fiildir ve İngilizce’de çeşitli duyguları, istekleri, fikirleri veya izlenimleri ifade etmek için sıkça kullanılır.
例えば、「I feel like eating pizza.」（ピザが食べたいと感じる）は、その瞬間にピザを食べたいという願望や傾向を表します。同様に、「I don’t feel like going to the party tonight.」（今夜のパーティーに行きたくない）は、その瞬間にパーティーに参加する気がないことを表します。
「Feel like」はまた、あることに対する印象や見解を表すためにも使用されます。例えば、「I feel like the movie was really good.」（その映画は本当に良かったと思う）は、その映画に対する印象が良かったことを表します。
The past modal of advisability is “should have” and it is used to talk about past actions or events that didn’t happen, but would have been a good idea if they had.
For example, if someone says “I should have gone to bed earlier last night,” it means that they did not go to bed earlier, but it would have been a good idea if they had because they might have felt more rested today.
Another example is “You should have told me that you were going to be late,” which means that the person did not tell the speaker that they were going to be late, but it would have been advisable to do so because the speaker was waiting for them.
It’s important to note that “should have” implies that there was a missed opportunity or a mistake in the past, but it is not used to assign blame or criticize the person for their actions. It is simply a way to express what would have been a good idea to do in the past.
In summary, the past modal of advisability is “should have” and it is used to talk about past actions or events that didn’t happen, but would have been advisable if they had.
If you are still confused, you can find an easy explanation in your first language 🇪🇸 🇵🇹 🇨🇳 🇷🇺 🇺🇦 🇹🇷 🇯🇵 👇
🇪🇸 Spanish
El pasado modal de consejo o “advisability” en inglés es “should have“, y se usa para hablar de acciones o eventos en el pasado que no sucedieron, pero que habría sido una buena idea si hubieran ocurrido.
Por ejemplo, si alguien dice “Debería haberme acostado más temprano anoche”, significa que no se acostó más temprano, pero habría sido una buena idea hacerlo porque quizás se habría sentido más descansado hoy.
Otro ejemplo es “Deberías haberme dicho que ibas a llegar tarde”, lo que significa que la persona no le dijo al hablante que iba a llegar tarde, pero habría sido aconsejable hacerlo porque el hablante estaba esperando.
Es importante tener en cuenta que “should have” implica que hubo una oportunidad perdida o un error en el pasado, pero no se usa para culpar o criticar a la persona por sus acciones. Es simplemente una forma de expresar lo que habría sido una buena idea hacer en el pasado.
En resumen, el pasado modal de consejo o “advisability” es “should have” y se usa para hablar de acciones o eventos en el pasado que no sucedieron, pero que habría sido aconsejable que sucedieran.
🇵🇹 Portuguese
O passado modal de aconselhamento em inglês, também conhecido como “advisability”, é expresso pelo verbo modal “should have”, e é utilizado para falar de ações ou eventos passados que não ocorreram, mas que teria sido uma boa ideia se tivessem ocorrido.
Por exemplo, se alguém diz “Eu deveria ter estudado mais para a prova”, isso significa que não estudou o suficiente para a prova, mas teria sido uma boa ideia se tivesse estudado, já que poderia ter se saído melhor na prova.
Outro exemplo é “Você deveria ter me avisado que ia se atrasar”, o que significa que a pessoa não avisou o falante que iria se atrasar, mas teria sido aconselhável fazer isso, já que o falante estava esperando.
É importante lembrar que “should have” implica que houve uma oportunidade perdida ou um erro no passado, mas não é usado para atribuir culpa ou criticar a pessoa por suas ações. É simplesmente uma forma de expressar o que teria sido uma boa ideia fazer no passado.
Em resumo, o passado modal de aconselhamento é “should have” e é utilizado para falar de ações ou eventos passados que não ocorreram, mas que teria sido aconselhável se tivessem ocorrido. Aqui estão mais alguns exemplos:
Estrutura
Exemplo
Sujeito + “should have” + verbo no particípio passado
“Eu deveria ter estudado mais para a prova.”
Sujeito + “shouldn’t have” + verbo no particípio passado
Прошедшая модальность совета в английском языке, также известная как “advisability”, выражается модальным глаголом “should have” и используется для рассказа о действиях или событиях, которые не произошли в прошлом, но которые было бы хорошей идеей, если бы они произошли.
Например, если кто-то говорит “Я должен был больше учиться на экзамене”, это означает, что он не учился достаточно на экзамене, но было бы хорошей идеей, если бы он учился больше, так как он мог бы справиться лучше на экзамене.
Еще один пример: “Тебе следовало предупредить меня, что ты опаздываешь”, что означает, что человек не предупредил говорящего о своем опоздании, но было бы рекомендуемо это сделать, так как говорящий ожидал его прибытия.
Важно помнить, что “should have” подразумевает, что была упущена возможность или была допущена ошибка в прошлом, но не используется для приписывания вины или критики человека за его действия. Это просто способ выразить, что было бы хорошей идеей сделать в прошлом.
Итак, прошедшая модальность совета – это “should have” и используется для рассказа о действиях или событиях, которые не произошли в прошлом, но которые было бы рекомендуемо, если бы они произошли. Вот несколько примеров:
Структура
Пример
Подлежащее + “should have” + глагол в прошедшем времени (V3)
“Я должен был больше учиться на экзамене”.
Подлежащее + “shouldn’t have” + глагол в прошедшем времени (V3)
“Он не должен был говорить так грубо”.
🇺🇦 Ukrainian
Прошу вибачення, я не розмовляю українською мовою. Однак, я можу пояснити прошлу модальну форму ради поради (advisability) в англійській мові.
Прошла модальна форма ради поради виражається за допомогою модального дієслова “should have”. Вона використовується для опису дій або подій, які не відбулися в минулому, але було б добре іх виконати.
Наприклад, коли людина каже “Я повинен був більше вчитися на екзамені”, це означає, що він не вивчив достатньо на екзамені, але було б добре, якби він вивчив більше, оскільки він міг би справитися краще на екзамені.
Інший приклад: “Тобі потрібно було попередити мене, що ти запізнюєшся”, що означає, що людина не попередила співрозмовника про своє запізнення, але було б рекомендовано це зробити, оскільки співрозмовник очікував її прибуття.
Важливо пам’ятати, що “should have” передбачає, що була пропущена можливість або була допущена помилка в минулому, але не використовується для приписування провини або критики людини за її дії. Це просто спосіб висловити, що було б добре зробити в минулому.
Отже, прошла модальна форма ради поради – це “should have” і використовується для опису дій або подій, які не відбулися в минулому, але було б рекомендовано їх виконати. Ось декілька прикладів:
Структура
Приклад
Підмет + “should have” + дієслово в минулому часі (V3)
“Я повинен був більше
Підмет + “should have” + дієслово в минулому часі (V3)
“Ти повинен був попередити мене про своє запізнення.”
Наведені приклади показують, що “should have” можна використовувати в різних ситуаціях, де можна було б добре зробити щось в минулому, але цього не зробили. Навички використання прошлої модальної форми ради поради можна розвивати через практику, зокрема, за допомогою діалогів, текстів, аудіо- та відеоматеріалів.
🇹🇷 Turkish
“Should have” geçmiş zaman modali, bir şeyin yapılmaması durumunda gerçekleşen sonuçları ifade etmek için kullanılır. Türkçe’de “yapmalıydım” veya “etmeliydim” gibi bir anlamı vardır. Örneğin, “Geçen hafta İngilizce sınavım vardı ve daha çok çalışmalıydım” cümlesinde “should have” modal yapısı kullanılmaktadır.
Aşağıdaki tablo, “should have” yapısının kullanımına dair örnekler içermektedir:
Yapı
Örnek
Özne + “should have” + V3 (geçmiş zaman)
“Daha erken kalkmalıydım.”
Özne + “should have” + V3 (geçmiş zaman)
“Daha fazla çalışmalıydım.”
Yukarıdaki örneklerde görüldüğü gibi, “should have” geçmişte yapılmayan bir şeyin sonuçlarını ifade eder. Bu modal yapı, Türkçe’deki “yapmalıydım” veya “etmeliydim” gibi anlamlar taşıdığı için, Türkçe konuşan öğrencilerin bu konuyu anlaması daha kolay olabilir. Öğrencilerin bu modal yapısını kullanarak cümleler oluşturması ve farklı örneklerle pratik yapması, dil becerilerini geliştirmelerine yardımcı olabilir.
🇯🇵 Japanese
Should have”は、何かをしなかったことによって起こる結果を表現するために用いられる過去のモーダル表現です。日本語では、「～すべきだった」といった意味があります。例えば、「先週英語の試験があったけど、もっと勉強すべきだった」という文では、「should have」の表現が使われています。
The modals of speculation “must have,” “may have,” “might have,” “could have,” and “couldn’t have” are used to express different degrees of possibility or probability about something that happened in the past.
Here are some explanations of each modal and how they are used:
“Must have” is used when you are certain that something happened in the past. For example: “He must have left early because his car is not here.” This means that you are confident that he left early, based on the evidence of his missing car.
“May have” is used when you are not certain about something that happened in the past, but you think it is possible. For example: “She may have forgotten her phone at home.” This means that you think it is possible that she forgot her phone, but you are not sure.
“Might have” is similar to “may have” and is also used when you are not certain about something that happened in the past, but you think it is possible. For example: “He might have missed his flight.” This means that you think it is possible that he missed his flight, but you are not sure.
“Could have” is used when you are talking about a possibility in the past. For example: “He could have studied harder for the exam.” This means that he had the possibility to study harder for the exam, but you don’t know whether he did or not.
“Couldn’t have” is used to express a strong belief that something did not happen in the past. For example: “He couldn’t have stolen the money because he was with me the whole time.” This means that you are confident that he did not steal the money, based on the evidence that he was with you the whole time.
Used to express a strong belief that something happened in the past
She must have finished the project already.
May have
Subject + may have + past participle
Used to express the possibility that something happened in the past
He may have forgotten his keys at home.
Might have
Subject + might have + past participle
Used to express the possibility that something happened in the past
They might have missed the bus.
Could have
Subject + could have + past participle
Used to express the possibility that something was possible in the past
He could have won the race if he had trained more.
Couldn’t have
Subject + couldn’t have + past participle
Used to express a strong belief that something was not possible in the past
She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase.
If you are still confused, you can find an easy explanation in your first language 🇪🇸 🇵🇹 🇨🇳 🇷🇺 🇺🇦 🇹🇷 🇯🇵 👇
🇪🇸 Spanish
Los modales de especulación “must have”, “may have”, “might have”, “could have” y “couldn’t have” se utilizan para expresar diferentes grados de posibilidad o probabilidad sobre algo que sucedió en el pasado.
Modal
Patrón gramatical
Explicación
Ejemplos
Must have
Sujeto + must have + participio pasado
Utilizado para expresar una creencia fuerte de que algo sucedió en el pasado / Used to express a strong belief that something happened in the past
She must have finished the project already. / Ella debe haber terminado el proyecto ya.
May have
Sujeto + may have + participio pasado
Utilizado para expresar la posibilidad de que algo sucedió en el pasado / Used to express the possibility that something happened in the past
He may have forgotten his keys at home. / Él pudo haber olvidado sus llaves en casa.
Might have
Sujeto + might have + participio pasado
Utilizado para expresar la posibilidad de que algo sucedió en el pasado / Used to express the possibility that something happened in the past
They might have missed the bus. / Ellos podrían haber perdido el autobús.
Could have
Sujeto + could have + participio pasado
Utilizado para expresar la posibilidad de que algo era posible en el pasado / Used to express the possibility that something was possible in the past
He could have won the race if he had trained more. / Él podría haber ganado la carrera si hubiera entrenado más.
Couldn’t have
Sujeto + couldn’t have + participio pasado
Utilizado para expresar una creencia fuerte de que algo no era posible en el pasado / Used to express a strong belief that something was not possible in the past
She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase. / Ella no podría haber sido quien rompió el jarrón.
🇵🇹 Portuguese
Um modal de especulação é um tipo de verbo modal que é usado para expressar uma opinião ou suposição sobre algo que aconteceu ou poderia ter acontecido no passado. Os modais de especulação mais comuns em inglês incluem “must have”, “may have”, “might have”, “could have” e “couldn’t have”.
Esses verbos modais são usados para indicar a probabilidade ou possibilidade de que algo tenha acontecido ou não, com base em evidências ou deduções. Por exemplo, se alguém diz “He must have left already” (Ele deve ter saído já), isso significa que a pessoa acredita fortemente que ele saiu, com base em alguma evidência ou conhecimento prévio.
Modal
Explicação
Padrão Gramatical
Exemplo em inglês
Tradução em português
Must have
Expressa uma forte crença de que algo aconteceu no passado.
Must + have + particípio passado
She must have finished the project already.
Ela deve ter terminado o projeto já.
May have
Expressa a possibilidade de que algo aconteceu no passado.
May + have + particípio passado
He may have forgotten his keys at home.
Ele pode ter esquecido as chaves em casa.
Might have
Expressa a possibilidade de que algo aconteceu no passado.
Might + have + particípio passado
They might have missed the bus.
Eles podem ter perdido o ônibus.
Could have
Expressa a possibilidade de que algo era possível no passado.
Could + have + particípio passado
He could have won the race if he had trained more.
Ele poderia ter ganhado a corrida se tivesse treinado mais.
Couldn’t have
Expressa a forte crença de que algo não era possível no passado.
Couldn’t + have + particípio passado
She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase.
在构成句子时，这些情态动词后面都要加上过去分词形式，来表示发生的动作或状态。例如，“must have finished”表示“已经完成了”；“may have forgotten”表示“可能忘了”；“might have missed”表示“可能错过了”；“could have won”表示“可能赢得了”；“couldn’t have been”表示“不可能是”。这些情态动词在句子中通常位于动词短语的前面，以强调其推测的重要性。
🇷🇺 Russian
Модальный глагол
Грамматический шаблон
Объяснение
Пример на английском
Пример на русском
Must have
must have + прошедшее время глагола
Выражает крепкую уверенность, что что-то произошло в прошлом
She must have finished the project already.
Она, должно быть, уже закончила проект.
May have
may have + прошедшее время глагола
Выражает возможность, что что-то произошло в прошлом
He may have forgotten his keys at home.
Он, возможно, забыл ключи дома.
Might have
might have + прошедшее время глагола
Выражает возможность, что что-то произошло в прошлом
They might have missed the bus.
Они, возможно, пропустили автобус.
Could have
could have + прошедшее время глагола
Выражает возможность, что что-то было возможно в прошлом
He could have won the race if he had trained more.
Он мог бы выиграть гонку, если бы больше тренировался.
Couldn’t have
couldn’t have + прошедшее время глагола
Выражает крепкую уверенность, что что-то не было возможно в прошлом
She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase.
Она не могла быть той, кто разбил вазу.
Модальные глаголы спекуляции (или предположения) используются для выражения вероятности или уверенности в том, что что-то произошло в прошлом или было возможным в прошлом.
Must have (должно быть) – выражает сильную веру в то, что что-то произошло в прошлом.
May have (может быть) – выражает возможность того, что что-то произошло в прошлом.
Might have (могло быть) – выражает возможность того, что что-то произошло в прошлом.
Could have (мог бы) – выражает возможность того, что что-то было возможным в прошлом.
Couldn’t have (не могло быть) – выражает сильную веру в то, что что-то не было возможным в прошлом.
Пример
Она, должно быть, уже закончила проект. (She must have finished the project already.)
Он мог забыть свои ключи дома. (He may have forgotten his keys at home.)
Они могли пропустить автобус. (They might have missed the bus.)
Он мог бы выиграть гонку, если бы больше тренировался. (He could have won the race if he had trained more.)
Она не могла быть той, кто разбил вазу. (She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase.)
🇺🇦 Ukrainian
Модальний дієслово
Граматична конструкція
Пояснення
Приклади англійською мовою
Приклади українською мовою
Мусити бути (must have)
must have + дієслово-3 форма
Виражаємо впевненість, що щось сталося в минулому
She must have finished the project already. (Вона, напевно, вже закінчила проект.)
Вона, напевно, вже закінчила проект.
Можливо бути (may have)
may have + дієслово-3 форма
Виражаємо можливість, що щось сталося в минулому
He may have forgotten his keys at home. (Він, можливо, залишив ключі вдома.)
Він, можливо, залишив ключі вдома.
Може бути (might have)
might have + дієслово-3 форма
Виражаємо можливість, що щось сталося в минулому
They might have missed the bus. (Вони, можливо, пропустили автобус.)
Вони, можливо, пропустили автобус.
Міг бути (could have)
could have + дієслово-3 форма
Виражаємо можливість, що щось було можливим у минулому
He could have won the race if he had trained more. (Він міг би виграти перегони, якби тренувався більше.)
Він міг би виграти перегони, якби тренувався більше.
Неможливо було (couldn’t have)
couldn’t have + дієслово-3 форма
Виражаємо впевненість, що щось було неможливим у минулому
She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase. (Вона не могла бути та, хто розбив вазу.)
Вона не могла бути та, хто розбив вазу.
Модальні дієслова спекуляції (або припущення) використовуються для вираження ймовірності чи впевненості у тому, що щось сталося в минулому або було можливим у минулому.
Дієслово-модальне Must have (повинно бути) – виражає сильне переконання в тому, що щось сталося в минулому. Дієслово-модальне May have (може бути) – виражає можливість того, що щось сталося в минулому. Дієслово-модальне Might have (могло бути) – виражає можливість того, що щось сталося в минулому. Дієслово-модальне Could have (міг би) – виражає можливість того, що щось було можливим в минулому. Дієслово-модальне Couldn’t have (не могло бути) – виражає сильне переконання в тому, що щось не було можливим в минулому.
Приклади в англійській мові:
She must have finished the project already. (Вона повинна була закінчити проект вже.) He may have forgotten his keys at home. (Можливо, він забув свої ключі вдома.) They might have missed the bus. (Можливо, вони пропустили автобус.) He could have won the race if he had trained more. (Він міг би виграти гонку, якби більше тренувався.) She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase. (Вона не могла бути та, хто розбив вазу.)
Приклади в українській мові:
Вона, очевидно, уже закінчила проект. (She must have finished the project already.) Він може забув свої ключі вдома. (He may have forgotten his keys at home.) Вони могли пропустити автобус. (They might have missed the bus.) Він міг би виграти гонку, якби більше тренувався. (He could have won the race if he had trained more.) Вона не могла бути та, хто розбив вазу. (She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase.)
🇹🇷 Turkish
Modal Fiil
Dil Bilgisi Kalıbı
Açıklama
Örnekler (Türkçe)
Örnekler (İngilizce)
Must have
-mış/-miş gibi olmak
Geçmişte muhtemelen gerçekleştiği düşünülen bir olay hakkında güçlü bir inanç veya tahmin ifade eder.
“O, herhalde evdeydi.” -> “O evdeymiş gibiydi.”
“She must have finished the project already.”
May have
-mış/-miş gibi olmak
Geçmişte gerçekleşmiş olabilecek bir olay hakkında ihtimal ifade eder.
“Anahtarları evde unutmuş olabilir.” -> “Anahtarlarını evde unutmuş gibiydi.”
“He may have forgotten his keys at home.”
Might have
-mış/-miş gibi olmak
Geçmişte gerçekleşmiş olabilecek bir olay hakkında düşük ihtimal ifade eder.
“Belki de erken uyanmıştı.” -> “Erken kalkmış gibiydi.”
“They might have missed the bus.”
Could have
-abilirdi/-ebilirdi gibi olmak
Geçmişte gerçekleşebilecek bir olay hakkında ihtimal ifade eder.
“Eğer daha çok çalışmış olsaydı, yarışı kazanabilirdi.” -> “Yarışı kazanabilirdi gibi görünüyor.”
“He could have won the race if he had trained more.”
Couldn’t have
-amazdı/-emzdi gibi olmak
Geçmişte gerçekleşmesi imkansız olan bir olay hakkında güçlü bir inanç veya tahmin ifade eder.
“O, vazoyu kıramazdı.” -> “Vazoyu kıramazmış gibi duruyor.”
“She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase.”
Öngörü (ya da tahmin) kiplikleri, geçmişte olan bir şeyin olasılığını veya gerçekleştiğine dair bir inancı ifade etmek için kullanılır.
Must have (olmalı) – Geçmişte bir şeyin gerçekleştiğine dair güçlü bir inanç ifade eder. May have (olabilir) – Geçmişte bir şeyin olasılığına işaret eder. Might have (olabilir ki) – Geçmişte bir şeyin olasılığına işaret eder. Could have (olabilirdi) – Geçmişte bir şeyin mümkün olduğuna işaret eder. Couldn’t have (olamazdı) – Geçmişte bir şeyin mümkün olmadığına dair güçlü bir inanç ifade eder.
Örnekler: Must have: Proje zaten bitirilmiş olmalı. (She must have finished the project already.) May have: Anahtarlarını evde unutmuş olabilir. (He may have forgotten his keys at home.) Might have: Otobüsü kaçırmış olabilirler. (They might have missed the bus.) Could have: Daha çok antrenman yapsaydı yarışı kazanabilirdi. (He could have won the race if he had trained more.) Couldn’t have: Vazoyu kıran o olamazdı. (She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase.)
🇯🇵 Japanese
モダル動詞
文法パターン
説明
日本語の例
英語の例
〜したはず (must have)
主語 + must have + 過去分詞
過去に何かが確実に起こったことを表す
彼女はもう帰ったはずだ。
She must have already gone home.
〜かもしれない (may have)
主語 + may have + 過去分詞
過去に何かが起こった可能性を表す
彼は鍵を家に忘れてきたかもしれない。
He may have forgotten his keys at home.
〜かもしれない (might have)
主語 + might have + 過去分詞
過去に何かが起こった可能性を表す（may haveと同じ意味）
彼らはバスを逃したかもしれない。
They might have missed the bus.
〜だったかもしれない (could have)
主語 + could have + 過去分詞
過去に何かが起こりうる可能性を表す
彼はもっと練習していればレースに勝てたかもしれない。
He could have won the race if he had trained more.
〜ではなかった (couldn’t have)
主語 + couldn’t have + 過去分詞
過去に何かが起こらなかったことを強く表す
彼女が花瓶を壊したわけではなかった。
She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase.
「must have」（～だろう、～に違いない）
説明：過去に何かが起こったことを強く信じることを表します。
例：彼女はもうプロジェクトを終えたに違いない。 (She must have finished the project already.)
「may have」（～かもしれない）
説明：過去に何かが起こった可能性があることを表します。
例：彼は鍵を家に忘れたかもしれない。 (He may have forgotten his keys at home.)
「might have」（～かもしれない）
説明：過去に何かが起こった可能性があることを表します。
例：彼らはバスを逃したかもしれない。 (They might have missed the bus.)
「could have」（～できたかもしれない）
説明：過去に何かが起こることができた可能性があることを表します。
例：もっとトレーニングをしていれば、彼はレースに勝てたかもしれない。 (He could have won the race if he had trained more.)
「couldn’t have」（～できなかったに違いない）
説明：過去に何かが起こることができなかったことを表します。
例：彼女が壊れた花瓶の原因になることはあり得ない。 (She couldn’t have been the one who broke the vase.)
* Tables were created using AI. If you find a mistake please let me know
Teacher Julieta 