Money has different names depending on the context. Below there is a list with synonyms, slang and idiomatic expressions to talk about money.
Other words for money are:
alimony: money given to one spouse by the other for support after a legal separation or divorce
bill: a piece of paper money
bribe: money or favor given or promised in order to influence the judgment or conduct of a person in a position of trust
cash: ready money
check: a written order directing a bank to pay money as instructed
debt: money that needs to be paid in return for something received
dowry: money, goods or properties that a man or woman brings to her wife or husband in marriage
donation: money or gifts given to charity or public institutions
fee: money paid for a service
fine: a sum of money imposed as punishment for an offense
fund: a sum of money or other resources whose principal or interest is set apart for a specific objective
loan: money lent at interest
ransom: money demanded for the release of someone or something from captivity
salary: fixed amount of money paid to someone for regularly their work or services
tax: money imposed by authority on persons or property for public purposes
tip: a sum of money given for a service performed. It’s a synonym of gratuity
wage: money that is paid for labor or services usually according to contract and on an hourly, daily, or piecework basis
Money slang:

bucks: dollars
dough: money in general
chip in: to contribute, to pay for a part of something
cough up: pay or spend an amount of money that you would prefer not to
loaded: wealthy, having a lot of money
it’s on me: the person speaking will pay the whole amount
splurge: spend money freely with no remorse usually on things that you do not need

Canadian Slang:
loonie: one-dollar coin
toonie: two-dollar coin
Expressions with money:

A penny saved is a penny earned: it is as useful to save money that you already have as it is to earn more
Money doesn’t grow on trees: it requires effort to earn money and it is limited so you must be careful how you spend it
Money makes the world go round: money is extremely important, so that many ordinary events could not happen without it
Money talks: money gives power and influence to those who possess it
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