who, which, that, where

A relative clause gives extra information about a noun (a person, thing, or place).
It tells us which person, which thing, or which place we are talking about.

💬 Example:

That’s the man who teaches English.
→ “who teaches English” tells us which man.

So, instead of two sentences:

That man is my teacher. He teaches English.
You can join them:
That’s the man who teaches English.

Relative Pronouns

Relative Pronoun	Used for	Example	Meaning
who	people 👩‍🏫	She’s the woman who works in the office.	→ “who” = the woman
which	things 🧁	This is the cake which I made yesterday.	→ “which” = the cake
that	people and things 🙋‍♂️📱	He’s the man that lives next door. It’s the phone that I bought.	→ “that” = who / which
where	places 🏫	That’s the school where I studied.	→ “where” = in that place

💡 Note:
In speaking, we often use that instead of who or which — it’s more common and informal.

How to Form a Relative Clause

Step	Example
1️⃣ Start with two simple sentences.	This is the girl. She lives next door.
2️⃣ Replace the repeated word (she → who).	This is the girl who lives next door.

✅ Final sentence:

This is the girl who lives next door.

Examples

💡Remember

• Don’t use a subject after who, which, or that.
  ❌ This is the woman who she works here.
  ✅ This is the woman who works here.
• That can often replace who or which, especially in speech:
  ✅ It’s the restaurant that I like best.

Let’s Practice

Practice 1

Practice 2

Practice 2

Speaking

Practice 1

Practice 2